According to the International Exhibition of Iranian Stone; Verse one of Surah Anfal is a verse from which Article 45 of the Constitution is derived. This principle of the constitution contains one of the jurisprudential principles of the "Islamic government". In this verse, God commands the Prophet (PBUH) that if the Mujahideen of Badr ask you, who are these spoils of war and how they are distributed; Answer: These are Anfal.

Based on this verse, Shiite jurists rule that "the Islamic government is responsible for controlling property and property without owners, and these public property are like dead lands, mountains, forests that God Almighty has created for the people and have no relation to individuals. In "Educational Treatise 1 of the Rules of Worship", which is in accordance with the fatwa of "Ayatollah Khamenei", it is emphasized that Anfal is in the possession of the Islamic government and it should be used in the public interest of society and for the benefit of all.

Accordingly, the authors of the constitution, looking at the jurisprudential principles of public property management, drafted Article 45 of the constitution: "Anfal and public wealth, such as mortal or abandoned lands, mines, seas, etc., which are returned to usurpers, in It is the authority of the Islamic government to act in accordance with the public interest towards them. "The details and order of use of each shall be determined by law."

Auctions and government rights of mines

In fact, the jurists and jurists who have drafted the constitution have not distinguished between the mine and the sea, the desert, the forest, etc.; "Property owned by the Islamic government must be used in the public interest"; In the last few decades, however, mining has been in the box of "golden signatures" and has been given to the "eye-catchers" as an economic privilege; This issue, of course, has been justified in the legal form of holding "auctions". Accordingly, the person who wins the auction must pay the "government mining fee" after exploitation and extraction.

However, these government rights do not provide water and bread for the workers who endured the suffering of the mines; Especially when their workers are the suffering residents of the surrounding villages. For example, in "South Khorasan" is one of the largest and best mineral areas of iron ore, lead, zinc, etc., but due to economic problems, the maintenance of some of these mines by creating a monopoly in their exploitation for steel production and popularity Raw-selling, the residents of the villages around these mines are either unemployed or have turned to livestock and agriculture; Jobs that have been destroyed these days due to severe water shortages and desertification due to climate change.

Who owns the golden signature?

The transfer of exploitation of mines as Anfal has not been able to help launch the rural economy and activate the population of deprived areas in a situation where the same small population working in the mines with the lowest level of wages, the body of life and job security are employed. In the meantime, it should be stated by some that "the mining economy, as a link in the faulty chain of the Iranian economy, is suffering from structural problems, and in these circumstances, the situation of the labor force cannot be settled"; But it is clear that some people have lined up to touch the mines and have an insatiable craving; Including government and private holding companies that have at least one mining company in the gold, copper and iron ore mining industries in their collection; Mines that can be exploited on the basis of golden signatures.

These mines have also destroyed the nature and water and food resources of the villages where the workers live; In such a way that sometimes the children of some villages are born with genetic defects or other diseases. It is questionable what is the result of the government rights of the mines whose exploitation to the influential companies and affiliates of the economic stream in Hayat, who have dominated the mineral products market through these transfers and whose managers receive tens of millions of Tomans in salaries and bonuses per month. has it.

Turning over the transfer of 6,000 mines

Now, under the pressure of the parliament in the budget of 1400, the twelfth government has entered the familiar mechanism of handing over the mines. Accordingly, in the same government, 6,000 inactive areas and mines of the country were "liberated" a few days ago; This means that inactive mines will be handed over to new operators who have the ability to activate the mines in exchange for a guarantee; Of course, after the official publication of this news, the government started criticizing. Hojjatullah Firoozi, a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Industries and Mines, said: "In recent weeks, there have been reports that some people are looking for business at the end of the twelfth government, and that these auctions may not achieve their main goals. "The heart of these auctions will be corrupt."

Of course, the parliament, as the proposer of the liberation of the mines, does not oppose the principle of transfer. Firoozi has said in this regard: "The parliament will not go under the burden of handing over the mines without holding auctions and qualifying the applicants. As the mines are public property and Anfal is owned by the government, it is not possible to transfer it without holding an auction. "On the other hand, if mines are handed over without examining the competence, competence and ability of individuals, the story of the uncertainty of 6,000 mines will be repeated despite their handover."

Criticism of the transfer of mines in times of economic crisis

However, the Ministry of Silence responded to the criticism, and its officials insisted that the release was made through an auction. Finally, the reactions were so intense that on July 12th, Assadollah Keshavarz, Deputy Minister of Mines and Mining Industries of the Ministry of Silence, issued an order to stop announcing the results of the mining auctions; Also attached to the letter of the Deputy Attorney General. The principle of divestiture reminded workers of the destructive divestitures of state-owned companies through auctions, in a situation where Anfal was to be exploited in the public interest of society and for the benefit of all, and not in favor of a closed circle of equitable interests; Companies such as Hepco, Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Cultivation and Industry, Isfahan Tile, Ardabil Meat Complex, Iran Telecommunication, Rasht Electric, Petrochemical Trading Company, Mazandaran Textile; Especially after the news of the auction was published, the news that it was not justifiable in the current economic conditions was also published.

In this case, Arman Khaleqi (Deputy Secretary General of the House of Industry, Mines and Commerce), referring to the recapture of mines that were re-exploited in the government's auction list, said: "In many cases, regardless of the reason for stopping the production of mines, they "They were taken back while the situation is not different from before, and if the reason for stopping these mines is lack of equipment and economic efficiency, it will still not be possible for them to continue their activities." Meanwhile, the owners of the mines that gave the production activity to Lqaysh are complaining about behaviors such as the seizure of their guarantees.

Despite these statements, no one is against the activation of inactive and closed mines, which number about 6,000; But with what active capital and effective economic support should liberalization be sought? Is it enough that there are people who can activate costly mines by hiring a few workers, each of whom has to deal with issues such as wages, insurance, occupational safety and health, job stability of the workforce? ? There are currently more than 4,000 active mines in the country, many of which have not paid their workers' insurance and wages for months and are facing a backlog; In particular, many of these mines are managed by a contractor in the coal, gold, lead and zinc, copper, iron ore, lime and shale sectors to reduce mining costs; Of course, the forerunners of the management of these mines are state-owned companies and economic enterprises affiliated with private financial institutions.

Only the word mine is sweet to their mouths

The workers of the province, which is full of Kerman mines, have paid more than the miners of other provinces for the transfer of the mines department. Among them are a large number of disabilities, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bereaved families, dismissals and labor delays; This issue has become a "social crisis" in the good mining cities of Kerman. The narrations of these workers in transmitting the experiences left over from this problem can be heard: Which is bent in these mines has aged. These, whose only art is to read the word mine, have inflamed the working environment of the province; In a way that many workers have given the reward for their work to these rivals, but those who have endured suffering and endured these carnivalds are in fear of losing their lives; "It is as if these workers are the meat that deserves to melt between the layers of rock and soil because they want the worker to stay."

End of the auction and the possibility of announcing the results

This narrative shows that the controversial divestiture policy is rooted in previous years, and the divestiture of exploitation of 6,000 mines is not new; Government officials also acknowledge that the program has been implemented by the Ministry of Industry in various provinces over the past three decades, but the program these days is completely different from the past in terms of the extent of the transfer and even the change in the criteria for entering the auction. Given that the auction ended in news silence, with the participation of 3,000 people on June 17, it is likely that the announcement of the results of the transfer to the next government will be postponed; Unless the thirteenth government completely abandons the transfer or holds the auction from the beginning with the support of the parliaments.