According to the International Iranian Stone Exhibition, mines are considered as Anfal and Anfal is the capital of the nation. Everything that is Anfal from mines and natural resources are phenomena that, from the point of view of economics and management, are considered production units in which minerals are output products and have no input as raw materials; Therefore, mining management requires complete rules and desirable specialized supervision and controls, and this is even more important when we want to manage them privately.

Privatization of mines in the country has taken place in different forms over the past few decades, each of which has its own problems. In this regard, we followed the speeches of two members of the 11th term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and asked their views on the development of mines, mineral Anfal, the new steel method and the role of the Mafia in the mines.

Advice of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution about Anfal

Ali Jedi, the second deputy chairman of the Industries and Mines Committee of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, said about the Assembly's follow-up on the development of the mining sector in Iran: "We have raised several issues and plans in this regard." The plan is being considered by the Parliamentary Committee on Industries and Mines, and its work has been done and will soon be presented to the Industries and Mines Commission. In this plan, we have prioritized the organization of mines.

He continued: The second point in the discussion of mines, which was also the recommendation of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution and is considered very important for us, was the discussion of Anfal, because mines, like oil, are considered as Anfal. Since we are rich in the mining sector and the mines are part of Anfal, there should be benefits for the people as well. For example, iron ore is given to steel companies at 55% of the world price, and these companies export it at the world price by converting it into ingots and reap its benefits, while the mine is considered as Anfal, from which the extracted materials are Low rates are given to steel companies, and it is the company that makes the profit and the people do not benefit from the process.

Jedi pointed out: "Our plan in the Islamic Consultative Assembly is based on looking at the mines as Anfal in order to benefit the people as well, because we do not have oil forever and the benefits of the mines should be used to generate income;" Therefore, we proposed a plan and proposed it to the Joint Commission to use these profits for the development of mines and increase the country's financial resources from the source of mines, and to follow both the development of mines and the tolls collected from mineral ores. Use for public resources.

Where did the steel style go?

The representative of Shirvan people in the Islamic Consultative Assembly stated about the new steel method: The new steel method has similarities and differences with the plan that we approved in the Industries and Mines Commission. The implementation of the state steel policy is now facing difficulties; The government says that because we have prepared this procedure, it does not need to be approved by the parliament, but we suggested in the commission that since this plan was approved by the government once, it can be canceled once and for all; Therefore, we seek to legalize this plan so that it will last forever. The plan for the Steel Code is now on the commission's agenda, and God willing, the first plan on the next agenda of the House of Representatives will be the plan for the sustainable development of the steel chain.

The role of the Mafia in the sale of exploitation licenses

The second deputy chairman of the Parliamentary Committee on Industries and Mines said about the reasons for not paying attention to the issuance of mining licenses, which has caused some people to buy and sell mining licenses without mining. " The mines are sold only as a paper license, and practically people do not make a profit in this field, and we do not see the development of regions and the provision of national interests. We have now entered into this issue, and the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade has given 3 months in a circular to resolve this issue, and we are following part of it in the commission's plan.

In the end, Ali Jedi, in response to a question about whether the Mafia is behind the sale and purchase of mining licenses, said: "Buying and selling these paper licenses will bring many benefits to some people, because that paper is because of the value of mineral resources in the country." There is credit, and when only paper is bought and sold and the mine is not exploited, there will definitely be benefits for some and people will not benefit from it.

Silence of the law against the sale of exploration licenses

Al-Lahordi Dehghani, the representative of the people of Varzeqan in the Islamic Consultative Assembly, in response to a question about the lack of necessary accuracy in issuing exploration and exploitation licenses and violations that occur in some mines in the country, said: We did not have. When someone is given an exploration license and that person discovers a mineral, the person is required by law to implement two strategies; Either obtain an exploitation license or transfer the mine. That is, we have allowed the miner to sell the exploration license after the discovery of the mine. The law is also silent on this issue.

He added: "The person who discovered the mine can sell the exploration license, but will the person who bought the license also be able to resell the exploration license?" It must be said yes; Because the law is silent in this regard, and as a result, the discovered mine goes hand in hand. In this case, the mine, for the exploration of which very little and little cost has been spent, falls into the hands of speculators during the said process; That is, it falls into the hands of the incompetents of the mine.

According to this member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, two things happen in between; The first is that a monopoly is created and the second is that a brokerage market is created in this area.

Licensing has no restrictions or qualifications

Dehghani continued: "On the other hand, behind the scenes of these cases, there are mining mafias that cause delays in achieving many goals." While there are no restrictions on the issuance of exploitation licenses and even no qualifications are considered for the issuance of these licenses, there must be a mechanism to determine the eligibility of the person applying for the exploitation license.

Dehghani pointed to another point and said: "Even in the next stage, there is no guarantee that the miner, despite his technical and financial ability, will put the discovered mine into production." In this way, the mine will automatically stagnate; That is, it will be blocked by explorers and exploiters.

A member of the Industries and Mines Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly stated: If we want to use the mining capacities, we must oblige those who have exploration and exploitation licenses to implement and use the licenses; That is, to set a time frame for continuing the activity and starting the work; Consider, for example, one year as the time to start mining. We have to give the miner an ultimatum that if 50% of the mine is not commissioned within the specified time frame, the mine license will be revoked next year and a fine will be taken from him. In this case, the incompetents will not enter the mine.

Oppression of underprivileged cities

Referring to the location of mines in low-income cities, he said: "Mines in a city like Tehran or other metropolises are not allowed to operate due to various issues such as environmental issues, which causes problems because mines use the city's infrastructure such as water and electricity and sometimes Lack of these infrastructures makes them more necessary for consumption or have a detrimental effect on ecology and the environment. Sometimes these mines do not benefit the people of the region and no investment is made in the direction of social responsibility and economic and social prosperity of the region.

Closing remarks ...

Many believe that reforms should be made in the way mines are exploited. Mining parent cities should also benefit from the mining economy; Investors and miners spend one percent of the revenue from those mines for the development of the city, while the center of important and large mining companies is in the capital, and of course tolls and taxes are located at the headquarters. The company is paid. According to the budget laws, these duties and taxes are spent in the city where the company is established, but if a large amount of that money is spent in cities with mines, the impact of that money on the economy of that region will be very significant. These are shortcomings in the field of mining that some members of parliament are seeking to rectify according to the law.