Small housing units do not need the country's housing market
The study of the need for housing by the area of housing units indicates that residential units of 100 to 150 meters are the main need for housing and the construction of small housing units has no effect on meeting this demand.
According to the International Iranian Stone Exhibition, providing shelter for the people in the current situation is facing many problems. Meanwhile, the cost of access to housing index, according to surveys, has reached 80 years for low-income deciles.
This means that a household in the 1st to 3rd income deciles must save all of their income for up to 80 years to buy a housing unit that fits their needs.
In such a situation, some experts and officials consider the construction of small-scale housing units as one of the available solutions in the field of housing.
According to this idea, if we can build a housing unit with a smaller area, the cost of access to housing for the low-income groups will decrease and their ability to provide shelter will increase.
In this regard, Abdolreza Golpayegani, Deputy Mayor of Tehran, while stating that one of the measures expected by the builders that can be done by the Municipality of Tehran, is to change the minimum floor area of the apartment in the detailed plan of Tehran, said: "This change is reduced "From at least 50 square meters to 30 square meters is possible provided all architectural and construction equipment is provided."
Shrink to enable households to shop
The literature on downsizing has a long history in the country and during the ministry of Abbas Akhundi in 1993 in the form of clean housing (public savings, mass production and downsizing) it is also mentioned.
The literature on the construction of small housing units comes at a time when many economists consider the construction of small housing units to be uneconomical and believe that our housing market does not need small housing units in the current situation.
According to this report, according to the statistics obtained from the 2016 census and also the documents approved by the Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture, residential units built in the cities of the country can be divided into 3 groups.
The first group includes units smaller than 100 square meters. The second group will be considered units between 101 and 150 square meters and the third group will include units larger than 150 square meters.
In this case, if the minimum per capita housing unit is 30 square meters per person, the first group of residential units is suitable for families of 1 to 3 people, the second group of units for families of 4 and 5 people and the third group of units for families of 6 and above. will be.
Accordingly, comparing the number of existing households with residential units in each group reveals significant results.
In the first group, the number of families with 1 to 3 people is 10 million 587 thousand 206 families. While the number of units less than 100 meters, 504 thousand and 408 residential units is more than the number of households of 1 to 3 people.
In the third group, the conditions are not different from the second group and there are 1 million 387 thousand 786 residential units above 150 meters in excess, in this group, which are mainly considered luxury units.
* The main need of the country is 100 to 150 meter units
This statistic indicates that there are enough units of less than 100 meters in the cities of the country. In fact, the problem of this sector is the distribution of residential units, which can be overcome by collecting regulatory taxes.
In the second group, however, the situation is completely different. In this group, the number of families of 4 and 5 people is 6 million 841 thousand 258 families, and the number of houses between 101 and 150 meters is only 4 million 241 thousand 816 units. Has been.
In fact, we are facing a shortage of 2,599,442 units in this group. The shortage that proves that the need to build housing between 101 and 150 meters is strongly felt in the country, and urban families of four or five people suffer the most pressure from the community.
The statistics clearly show that the construction of small-scale housing has no effect on the market and will not be able to regulate the housing market, because the main problem of supply shortage in the housing market can be solved only by building units between 100 and 150 meters. will be.
* The cost of building each square meter of residential units in small-scale units is higher
In addition to examining the needs of households in the country by the area of housing units, the economic survey of small-scale housing units also contains significant points.
Accordingly, Hamid Behzadi, an economist, explained the economic justification of small-scale units: "If the total cost of building a residential unit is taken into account, the main construction equipment is one of the requirements that does not depend on the area, for example valves one "A 30-meter residential unit is no different from a 300-meter unit."
The economist noted that the cost of construction per square meter of housing for small-scale units is higher than for large-scale units. "In a situation where land costs are lower than using household techniques such as installment sales and 99-year leases," he said. "The reduction in the cost of building small-scale units cannot be significant enough to affect the economic viability of tailored units."
According to experts, the housing market in the current situation is faced with the need for units of 100 to 150 square meters, and the construction of small-scale housing units is not commensurate with this need. On the other hand, to empower households to buy housing, mechanisms should be used to eliminate the cost of land or the cost of added value of construction.
In fact, downsizing not only does not help solve the housing problem, but also creates many negative social consequences.
